How to properly pour a foundation: basic steps

Proper selection and purchase of building materials is the most important consideration at the outset of construction. It's also crucial to ensure you have the right tools. Concrete is mixed using cement, sand, crushed stone, and water. Many users prefer to order ready-to-use materials, such as M200 or M300 concrete. Reinforcement bars are also required to strengthen the structure. The diameter of these bars should be at least 10-16 mm.

Gravel or crushed stone will also be needed to form the so-called protective cushion. Preparatory work involves creating formwork, which allows for the geometry of the future structure to be shaped. This formwork is made from wooden panels or metal profiles.

Filling stages

The foundation pouring process involves the following steps:

• Calculating the dimensions. The finished structure should be approximately 20 centimeters above ground level, with a trench depth of 40 to 60 cm.
• Marking the trench on the ground. The width should be at least 10 cm greater than the foundation width. The interior is marked with pegs and cords. Measuring instruments must be used to ensure accurate markings.
• Forming the foundation pad. At this stage, the trench is filled with a sand and gravel mixture at least 20 cm high. The material is laid in layers, treating each layer with water and compacting it. The finished pad should be as level and stable as possible.
• Forming the formwork. The panels for this structure should be the same height as the foundation. First, the interior side must be constructed using threaded fasteners.
• Reinforcement. This process is designed to increase the stability of the foundation. Reinforcement meshes and boxes must be assembled. If necessary, steel wire can be used to join the materials. It is not recommended to use a welding machine at this stage.

Finally, the foundation should be poured. Concrete is placed over the entire formwork and compacted, resting on the reinforcement cage. The surface is then leveled and smoothed. The pre-curing period is approximately 5-7 days. It is extremely important to periodically water the surface of the structure and cover it with plastic film. This is necessary to protect the concrete from cracking. The formwork should be left in place for at least 3-4 weeks—this is the time it takes for the concrete to fully cure.

The top of the structure is then treated with bitumen waterproofing, after which the blind area is formed.

How to avoid mistakes when pouring a foundation

Most often, mistakes are made due to insufficient attention to the specific soil conditions. Without soil testing and incorrect calculations, cracks may appear in the structure, and the walls will gradually crack and collapse. It is crucial to pay attention to the following:

• Correct selection of the foundation type;
• Quality of the concrete mix;
• The shape of the structure on the ground – this often causes corners to shift;
• Installation of the waterproofing layer – incorrect installation can lead to mold and moisture in the house.

To ensure that the foundation serves as the foundation for reliable and safe construction, it is advisable to entrust this work to professionals. Construction companies offering this type of service perform all operations on a turnkey basis, delivering a ready-to-use structure to the client. This way, you will be protected from errors, and the building erected on the foundation will serve you for as long as possible.